New approaches towards treatment of insomnia
ثبت نشده
چکیده
Sleep cycle Brain activity can be recorded by EEG during wakefulness and sleep (Fig 1). Light sleep referring to stages 1 and 2 shows a relatively low voltage with mixed frequency activity, while deep sleep referring to stages 3 and 4, which is also called slow-wave sleep, is characterized by increasing high voltage activity. In REM sleep brain activity resembles that of wakefulness. Healthy individuals may cycle between stages of NREM and REM throughout the night (1, 2). The average length of the first NREM-REM sleep cycle is 70-100 min with 75-80% in NREM, and 2025% in REM sleep. Stage 1 lasts 1-7 min (2-5 % of total sleep). Stage 2 lasts approximately 10-25 min constituting 45-55% of the total sleep. In this stage, an individual requires more intense stimuli than in stage 1 to awaken. Stage 3 lasts only a few minutes (3 to 8 % of sleep). Stage 4 of NREM lasts 20-40 min in the first cycle and constitutes 10-15% of sleep. Stages 3 and 4 are classified as the deepest stages of sleep (3,4). REM sleep lasts only 1-5 min during the initial cycle, but is progressively prolonged as sleep progresses. Here, the brain appears to be as active as during wake periods (1); dreaming is associated with this state of sleep. Also, in REM sleep there is a loss of muscle tone and reflexes which is important to prevent the individuals from acting out their dreams while sleeping. REM sleep is important for memory consolidation (3). New approaches towards treatment of insomnia
منابع مشابه
Management of insomnia: update and new approaches
Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder worldwide. A number of studies evaluated the efficacy of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment approaches. To obtain long-term effects in the management of chronic insomnia, cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the treatment of first choice, encompassing education about sleep and sleep hygiene, sleep restriction, stimulus ...
متن کاملTreatment of an Insomnia Case Based on Iranian Traditional Medicine in the Health Center, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2016
Introduction: One of the most frequent abnormal sleep disorders is insomnia, which can interfere with the daily functioning of an individual by affecting social relationships and occupational activity. Insomnia is often referred to as "sahar" in most traditional Iranian sources. The scholars of traditional medicine in Iran grouped the causes of insomnia into "voluntary" and inv...
متن کاملThe effectiveness of transdiagnostic native treatment based on emotion regulation on reducing insomnia disorder (single-case study)
Introduction: Since psychological texts in recent decades have witnessed the expansion of meta-diagnostic approaches in examining psychopathology, so the aim of the present study was The effectiveness of transdiagnostic intervention package based on emotion regulation according to Iranian culture on reducing insomnia Intensity. Methods: The present study single-subject (single-case) design...
متن کاملChronic insomnia: clinical and research challenges--an agenda.
Chronic insomnia afflicts up to 10% of the population in Western industrialized countries. It is characterized by delayed sleep onset, problems in maintaining sleep, early morning awakening or the feeling of non-restorative sleep coupled with significant daytime impairments on an emotional, social or professional level. It can occur as a co-morbid condition in any other medical or mental disord...
متن کامل